The berries include both the true berries such as gooseberries or currants and compound fruits such as raspberries, as well as accessory fruits such as strawberries. Berries have soft pulp and cannot be stored for long periods.
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Fruits from the tropics and subtropics are called exotic fruits. They are valued here because of their decorative appearance and their varied flavours. Some of these, such as bananas, citrus fruits or kiwis have become so natural to us that we hardly think of them as exotic. Others in contrast, such as the durian or the persimmon, are still very foreign to us.
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Pomes are fruits with small pips or seeds that are normally not eaten. Typical of these are apples, pears and quince. These fruits belong botanically to the accessory fruits, since the actual fruit is the core, and we consume only the thickened, fleshy fruit wall. Pomes are cultivated both for consumption when fresh and for further processing.
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Fruits of which we consume the edible seeds are classified as hard-shelled fruits. They are called nuts. In comparison with other fruits these are seeds rich in energy; they contain little water but large amounts of fat, protein and carbohydrates.
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Stone fruits have an outer peel. Underneath this is the pulp, and in the middle is a stone that cannot be eaten. Plums, cherries and peaches belong to this group, for example. Stone fruit has very juicy pulp and cannot be kept for very long. In addition to being consumed fresh, stone fruit serves as raw material for numerous preserved products.
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Tropical and subtropical fruits include the citrus fruits, the exotic fruits and other tropical fruits.
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Edible fruits from wild plants are called wild fruits. They are hardly ever available in the regular fruit trade. If one has no possibility of picking them oneself (or if one shies away from the rather toilsome work) one can at least fall back on the many processed products such as jams, juices or spirits that are offered for sale, sometimes only in specialty shops.
If you pick them yourself you should be careful to take only those fruits that you clearly recognize and can identify as non-poisonous.
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Citrus fruits consist of three layers: They are covered with a more or less thick, colourful peel. Beneath this is a whitish, spongy layer (albedo tissue), the thickness of which varies with the type of fruit. Inside is the pulp divided into segments. Citrus fruits are among the most important types of fruit traded worldwide.
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